Electropaedia logo

Battery and Energy Technologies

Panel Top
 

 

Spacer
End Cap
Finding your Way Around
Sponsors
Free Report

Buying Batteries in China

 
End cap

Spacer

Spacer

Green Cap

Woodbank does not monitor or record these emails

Green Cap
Spacer
Green Cap
Green Cap
Spacer
Spacer
End Cap
More Sponsors
 
End Cap

 

Conversion Table

 

Energy

1 KiloWatthour (kWh)

=

3.6 MegaJoules (MJ)

1 KiloWatthour (kWh)

=

3412 British Thermal Units (BTU)

1 KiloWatthour (kWh)

=

859.2 kilocalories (kcal)

1 Joule (J)

=

1 Watt Second

1 Joule (J)

=

1 Newton-Metre (N-m)

1 Joule (J)

=

0.1026 Metre-Kilogram (mkg)

1 Joule (J)

=

1 Volt X 1 Coulomb

1 Joule (J)

=

6.24 x 1012 Million electronVolts (MeV)

1 ElectronVolt (eV)

=

1.6 X 10-19 Joules (J)

1 ElectronVolt (eV)

=

1.16 X 104 Degrees Kelvin (K) Equivalent

(See Equivalent Electron Temperature below)

1MeV

=

1.07 X 10-3 amu (Mass to Energy Conversion)

1 GigaJoule (GJ)

=

277.8 KiloWatthours (kWh)

1 Calorie (cal)

=

4.19002 Joules (J)

1 British Thermal Unit (BTU)

=

1055 Joules (J)

1 Therm

=

100,000 BTU

1 Therm

=

29.3 kWh

1 Quadrillion BTU (Quad)

=

1015 BTU

1 Quadrillion BTU (Quad)

=

2.931 x 1011 KiloWatthours (KWh)

1 Quadrillion BTU (Quad)

=

293.1 TeraWatthours (TWh)

1 Ton of Oil Equivalent (toe)

=

41.87 GigaJoules (GJ)

1 Ton of Oil Equivalent (toe)

=

11.6 MegaWatthours (MWh) [See Note 1 below]

1 Ton of TNT

=

4.184 GigaJoules (GJ)

1 Ton of Oil Equivalent (toe)

=

10 Tons of TNT

1 GigaWatthour (GWh)

=

86 Tons of Oil Equivalent (toe)

1 TeraWatthour (TWh)

=

1 Billion KiloWatthours (KWh)

Energy Density / Calorific Content

1 KiloWatthour/Kilogram (kWh/Kg)

=

3.6 GigaJoules/tonne (GJ/tonne)

Power

1 Watt (W)

=

1 Joule/Second (J/s)

1 Watt (W)

=

3.7 BTU per hour (BTU/h)

1 Watt (W)

=

668 Lumens [See Note 2 below]

1 kiloWatt (kW)

=

1000 Watts (W)

1 MegaWatt (MW)

=

1000 kiloWatts (kW) [See Note 3 below]

1 Horse Power (hp)

=

746 Watts (W)

0 decibel (dB)

=

1 Power ratio (Note logarithmic scale)

3 dB

=

2 Power ratio

10 db

=

10 Power ratio

1 milliWatt (mW)

=

0 dBm Relative power (Note logarithmic scale)

100 milliWatts (mW)

=

20 dBm

1 microWatt (µW)

=

-30 dBm

1 femto Watt (fW)

=

10-15 Watts

Acceleration

1 metre per second per second  (m/s2)

=

3.281 feet per second per second (ft/s2)

Gravitational Constant (G) (At the Earth's surface)

9.80665 (m/s2)

=

32.174 (ft/s2)

Weight

1 Ton (t)

=

2240 Pounds (lb)

1 Kilogram (Kg)

=

2.2 Pounds (lb)

1 Kilogram (Kg)

=

9.807 Newtons (N) On the Earth's surface

1 Stone

=

6.35 Kilograms (Kg)

1 Ounce (Oz)

=

28.35 Grams (g)

1 Atomic Mass Unit (amu)

=

1.67377 X 10-27 Kilogram (Kg)

1 Atomic Mass Unit (amu)

=

931.5 MeV (Mass to Energy Conversion)

Force

1 Newton (N)

=

0.102 Kilograms-Force (kgf)

1 Newton (N)

=

0.22 Pound-Force (lbf)

1 Poundal

=

0.138 Newtons (N)

1 Poundal

=

0.031 Pound-Force (lbf)

Torque

1 Newton-Metre (N.M)

=

0.102 kilogram-Force.Metres (kgf.m)

1 Newton-Metre (N.M)

=

0.738 FootPounds-Force (ft.lbf)

Electric Charge

1 Coulomb (C)

=

1 Amp-Second

1 Coulomb (C)

=

6.25 X 1018 Electrons (e)

1 AmpHour (Ah)

=

3600 Coulombs (C)

Electric Current

1 Amp (A)

=

1 Coulomb per Second (C/s)

1 Amp (A)

=

6.25 X 1018 Electrons per Second

Electron Flow

Electric Voltage

1 Volt (V)

=

1 Joule per Coulomb (J/C)

Frequency / Wavelength

1 MegaHertz (MHz)

=

300 metres (M)

Flow Rate

1 Litre per Second

=

792 Gallons (Imp) per Hour (gal/hr)

Distance

1 Mile

=

1.6 Kilometers (km)

1 Metre (m)

=

39.4 Inches (in)

1 Inch (in)

=

2.54 centimetres (cm)

1 Thousandth of an Inch (thou)

=

25.4 Microns

1 Micrometre (Micron)

=

10-3 (0.001) Millimetres (mm)

1 Nanometre

=

10-6 Millimetres (mm)

1 Angstrom

=

10-7 Millimetres (mm)

Atomic Diameter

=

1 Angstrom (Approximately)

1 Nautical Mile (nm)

=

1.1508 Miles (m)

Area

1 Square Metre (m2)

=

10.76 Square Feet (sq.ft)

1 Hectare (ha)

=

10,000 Square Metres (m2)

1 Hectare (ha)

=

2.47 Acres (acre)

1 Acre (acre)

=

4840 Square Yards (sq yd)

1 Square Mile (mile2)

=

640 Acres (acre)

1 Square Mile (mile2)

=

2.59 Square Kilometres (km2)

1 Square Kilometre (km2)

=

100 Hectares (ha)

Volume

1 Cubic Metre (m3)

=

1,000 Litres (l)

1 Litre (l)

=

1,000,000 (mm3)

1 Gallon (Imperial) (gal)

=

4.55 Litres (l)

1 Gallon (Imperial) (gal)

=

1.2 Gallons (US) (gal)

1 Barrel (US Oil) (bbl)

=

42 Gallons (US Liq) (gal)

Velocity

1 Metre per second (m/s)

=

2.24 miles per hour (mph)

1 Mile per Hour (mph)

=

1.61 Kilometres per Hour (km/hr)

1 Knot (knot)

=

1.15 Miles per Hour (mph)

Rotational Speed

1 Revolution per minute (rpm)

=

0.105 Radians per second (rad/sec)

Pressure

1 bar or atm (atmospheric pressure)

=

14.5 Pounds per Square Inch (psi)

1 bar

=

100,000 Pascals (Pa)

1 Pound per Square Inch (psi)

=

6895 Newtons per Square Meter (N/m2)

1 Pascal (Pa)

=

1 Newton per Square Meter (N/m2)

1 Megapascal (MPa)

=

145 Pounds per Square Inch (psi)

Fuel Consumption

30 Miles per Gallon (Imperial)(mpg)

=

9.42 Litres/100 Kilometers (l/100km)

Radiation Activity (Radiotiactive Decay)

1 Becquerel (Bq)

=

Material quantity producing

1 Nuclear decays/second

1 Curie (Ci) (Obsolete)

=

3.7 X 1010 Becquerel (Bq)

Radiation Dose

1 Gray (Gy)

=

1 Joule/Kilogram (J/Kg)

1 Radiation Absorbed Dose (rad)

(Obsolete)

=

0.01 Gray (Gy)

1 Röntgen (R) (Obsolete)

=

258 X 10-6Coulombs per Kilogram of Air (C/Kg)

1 Gray (Gy)

=

115 Röntgen (R)

1 Sievert (Sv)

=

1 Gray X Q (Gy) [See Note 4 below]

1 Röntgen Equivalent Man (rem) (Obsolete)

=

0.01 Sieverts (Sv) [See Note 4 below]

Amounts

Avogadros Number (NA)

=

6.02214179 X 1023

1 Mole (n)

=

Contains NA particles

Other Equivalents

1 Metric Ton of Oil (ton)

=

7.64 Barrels (bbl)

 

Note 1: 1 toe is the quantity of oil which has the equivalent energy content of 11.6 MWh of electricity. It is not the quantity of oil necessary to produce 11.6 MWh of electricity. The amount of oil consumed in producing 11.6 MWh of electrical energy may be more than three times as much due to the inefficiency of the conversion process.

 

Note 2: A light flux of 668 Lumens is equivalent to an energy flow rate of 1 Watt of radiant electrical (or other) power. It is not the light flux produced by 1 Watt of electricity. An incandescent light bulb typically converts less than 10% of its input electrical energy into light. The rest is lost as heat See Energy Efficiency .

 

Note 3: The power in MegaWatts of an electricity generating plant may be expressed as MWe or MWt (alternatively MWth). MWe is the more common and represents the electrical output power of the plant. MWt is the thermal input power developed by the furnace or nuclear reactor. The output power MWe is generally only about 30% or 40% of the input power MWt.

 

Note 4: I Sievert = I Gray X Q where the quality factor (Q)is a measure of the magnitude of the damage done by the dose. The Gray is the dose, the Sievert is the effect of the dose.

Similarly 1 rem = 1R X Q.

 

Orders of Magnitude

Prefix

Factor

Name

Yotta

1024

Septillion

Zetta

1021

Sextillion

Exa

1018

Quintillion

Peta

1015

Quadrillion

Tera

1012

Trillion

Giga

109

Billion

Mega

106

Million

Kilo

103

Thousand

Hecto

102

Hundred

Deka

101

Ten

One

100

One

Deci

101

Tenth

Centi

102

Hundredth

Milli

103

Thousandth

Micro

106

Millionth

Nano

109

Billionth

Pico

1012

Trillionth

Femto

1015

Quadrillionth

Atto

1018

Quintillionth

Zepto

1021

Sextillionth

Yocto

1024

Septillionth

 

Constants and Definitions

 

Some Physical Constants

Speed of Light (c)

=

300 X 106 metres/second (m/s)

Permeability of vacuum (μ0)

=

4π X 10-7Newtons/square Ampere (N/A2) or Henries/metre (H/m)

Permitivity of vacuum (ε0)

=

8.8 X 10-12 Farads/metre (F/m)

1 Mole - (mol)

=

A unit representing an amount of substance which contains 6.022 X 1023 entities (atoms, molecules, ions, electrons etc.)

Electron Charge (e)

=

1.6 X 10-19 Coulombs (C)

Electron Energy (ElectronVolts) (eV)

=

1.6 X 10-19 Joules (J)

Equivalent Electron Temperature

(Degrees Kelvin) (K)

=

Boltzmann's Constant / Electron Charge = k/e = 8.6 X 10-5 ElectronVolts (eV)

ElectronVolt (eV)

(Temperature Equivalent)

=

1.16 X 104 Degrees Kelvin (K)

Electron Mass

=

9.1 X 10-31 Kg

Faraday Constant (F)

=

The amount of electric charge in one mole of electrons NA X e = 9.650 X 104 Coulombs/mole (C/mol)

Avogadro's Constant or Number (NA)

=

The number of atoms in 12 grams of carbon-12 = 6.02214179 X 1023

Also = The number of entities in a mole of those entities.

Note that Avogadro's Number NA divided by by the atomic mass of an element gives the number of atoms of that element in one gram.

Thus Uranium-235 contains 6.022 X 1023 / 235 = about 2.563 X 1021 atoms per gram.

Boltzmann's Constant (k)

=

The kinetic energy of one molecule of an ideal gas = 1.38 X 10-23 Joules/degree Kelvin (J/K)

Universal Gas Constant (R)

=

The kinetic energy of one mole of an ideal gas = 8.31446 Joules/degree Kelvin (J/K)

Planck's Constant (h)

=

6.63 X 10-34 Joule seconds (J·s)

= 4.14 X 10-15 eV seconds (eV·s)

 

 

 

 

 

 

Printer image Print This Page || Home || FAQ || Site Map || Legal || Privacy Promise || Contacts

 
 

Woodbank Communications Ltd, South Crescent Road, Chester, CH4 7AU, (United Kingdom)
Copyright © Woodbank Communications Ltd 2005

End cap

Top